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| The International Ceremony of Grand Pilgrimage to the Guanlin Temple | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guanlin Temple, also called General Guan's Tomb, is about seven kilometers (about 4.5 miles)south of Luoyang City. The mausoleums of emperors were called Ling, the tombs of marguis or kings were named Zhong and those of holy men such as Confucius or Guan Yu were called Lin, hence the name.The temple in Luoyang is splendid and grandiose covering an area of 100 mu (about 16.5 acres). Inside the temple are halls, tablets, small stone lions and cypress. The layout of the temple highly embodies the traditional style of Chinese architecture consisting of a series of courtyards and halls in the centre of symmetrical walls. Guan Yu became a legendary hero in Chinese folktales because of his bravery and faithfulness.He was also respected as กฐWu Shengกฑ(Martial Arts Expert) by Chinese emperors. Temples were built for him throughout the country and he was honored as a god by later generations of royalty and common folk alike. Official Worship According to Daoist scriptures, Guan manifested himself in theophany and later met the Perfected Man of the Iron Bowl, who honored him as Admiral and Earthly Deity. In the Song dynasty, responding to the call of Perfected Man Xujing, the 30th Celestial Master, Guan manifested himself to the emperor, killed monsters, and tamed the flood dragon. The Zhenzong Emperor praised his merit in protecting the state and blessing the people. In the 1st year (1102 A.D.) of the Chongning Era of the Huizong Emperor, Guan was honored as Loyal and Benefiting Duke.In the 5th year (1123 A.D.)of the Xuanhe Era, he was honored as Righteous and Courageous King of Martial Protection. In the Yuan dynasty,he was honored as Righteous and Courageous King of Martial Protection, Heroic Blessing and Numinous Manifestation. During the Ming, Qing and Republican periods, Temples of Emperor Guan were built everywhere. Some large-sized Daoist and Buddhist temples also contained images or memorial tablets of Emperor Guan. The popularity of the belief in Emperor Guan can be compared with the cults of City God Temples and local earth spirit temples. In the early Ming dynasty, people honored him as Grand Warrior Duke Guan and offered sacrifices for him together with Yue Fei. Consequently, martial temples were also called "Temple of Guan and Yue". In the 33rd year (1605 A.D.) of the Wanli Era, the emperor honored him as Imperial Sovereign Saint Guan, Great Emperor who defeats the Demons of the Three Realms, and Heavenly Lord Known from Afar for His Divine Power. In the 1st year of the Shunzhi Era in the Qing dynasty, he was honored as Loyal Righteous Divine Courageous and Imperial Saint Guan. In the 5th year (1666 A.D.) of the Kangxi Era, he was honored as Loyal, Righteous, Divine, Courageous, Numinous, Benevolent, Mighty and Imperial Saint Guan. People erected a stele for him in the Guan Woods in Luoyang. Since the Northern Song dynasty, Guan Yu has been one of the law-protecting heavenly deities and known as the Demon-Cleansing Perfected Sovereign or as the Great Emperor who defeats the Demons. Pagan Worship
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